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There are more than 350 species of termites in Australia, and several are considered pests. Only about 20 species cause damage to buildings. In Victoria, there are five species which cause damage to buildings and wooden constructions.
Termites play important ecological functions by providing nest holes for lizards, birds and possums, breaking down organic matter, returning nutrients to soil and assisting with soil aeration.
Termites are often wrongly known as white ants. This expression should not be used because termites are neither white nor ants.
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Termites live and work collectively in nests or colonies. Members of this colony take different forms or castes. These include:
Their wings are equal size and shape and double the length of the body. They shed after the colonising flight was created. Reduce wings are a good indication of presence.
These are the forms of the colony including future kings and queens of colonies yet to be established.
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The reproductives reside in a central room in the nest in which a lady queen or queen, will lay many thousands of eggs each year over her life span of approximately 10 years. Male, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites grow in the colony by shedding cuticles in the end of every growth phase, gradually changing until they reach the worker, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.
Soldiers are more demanding than the other castes and take longer to die from most toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their function to defend the colony, if disturbed, while the damage is visit this website repaired by the employees.
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Soldiers exist in different forms. Most species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws click here for more info (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, such as ants.
Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and therefore are only rarely found as pests in Victoria. They've a snout from which they eject a solution which irritates and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a head, which can be wedged in tunnels to prevent attackers. Are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
The employees account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are therefore responsible for the most harm.
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They collect food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and repair damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are thought to operate 24 hours per day during their life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs that have been tended by their own nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they're mature enough, the young work within the colony where jobs change with age and adulthood.
Once a single colony gets sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives that wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to depart the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
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They leave the nest for a swarm under conditions her response of high humidity, still atmosphere, and sometimes light. Termites are not strong fliers and usually only fly around 1km, but breezes and updrafts can carry them.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and evokes a calling scent. Males quickly respond.
They dig in and within the next few weeks, mate and take care of their young until enough employees grow to take over the care functions.
New colonies are occasionally created via budding. This is believed to happen when the extremities of the colony drop contact and become independent.
The main king and queen are believed to emit hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the remainder of the colony. But this control breaks down if the territory is too large or contact groups is dropped.
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Termites work in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as larvae, which are fed by termites. They then develop into castes or four kinds of termite:
Soldiers have large, dark heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are tougher than other castes and might take longer to control. Several species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, such as ants.